Mas Aris ini batik semuanya harganya Rp.35000,.

KEWIRAUSAHAAN

KONSEP DASAR KEWIRAUSAHAAN

-Tujuan Umum

Siswa diharapkan memahami konsep tentang kewirausahaan,ciri-ciri wira usaha,serta menyadari akan pentingnya kegiatan wirausaha dalam mencapai kualitas diri,hidup,dan kehidupan yang lebih baik.

-Tujuan Khusus

Diharapkan setelah mempelajari materi ini siswa dapat memahami :

1.Pengertian kewirausahaan

2.Karakterristik wirausaha

3.Keuntungan dan kerugian berwirausaha

4.Konsep pembentukan kewirausahaan

A.PENGERTIAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN

Wirausaha adalah seorang yang mempunyai  kemampuan dalam melihat peluang mencari dana,serta sumber dana lain yang diperlukan untuk meraih peluang tersebut dan berani mengambil resikonya dengan tujuan tercapainya kesejahteraan individu dan nilai tambah bagi masyarakat.

Wirausaha adalah orang-orang yang mempunyai  kemampuan melihat dan menilai kesempatan-kesempatan bisnis,mengumpulkan sumber-sumber daya yang dibutuhkan guna mengambil keuntungan dari padanya dan mengambil tindakan yang tepat guna memastikan sukses.

Wirausaha adalah seseorang yang memiliki kemampuan dalam menggunakan sumber daya seperti  finansial (money),bahan mentah (materials),dan tenaga kerja (labors),untuk menghasilkan suatu produk baru,bisnis baru,proses produksi atau pengembangan organisasi usaha.

Kesimpulan : Seorang yang berwirausaha akan melibatkan 2 unsur pokok kemampuan melihat peluang dan kesempatan.

B.KARAKTERISTIK KEWIRAUSAHAAN

Pada intinya karakteristik kewirausahaan adalah bahwa seorang wirausaha merupakan individu yang mempunyai ciri dan watak untuk berprestasi lebih tinggi dari kebanyakan individu lainya.

a.Dorongan berprestasi

b.Memperhatikan kualitas

c.Bekerja Keras

d.Sangat bertanggung jawab

e.Berorientasi pada imbalan

f.Optimisme

g.Berorientasi pada hasil karya yang baik

h.Mampu mengorganisasikan/kepemimpinan

i.Percaya diri

j.Berani mengambil resiko

k.Inovatif dan kreatif

l.Berorientasi ke masa depan

C.KEUNTUNGAN DAN KERUGIAN BERWIRAUSAHA

Individu yang ingin menjadi wirausaha sekaligus wiraswasta jelas akan mempertimbangkan secara matang manfaat dan pengorbananya yang diperolehatas pilihan tersebut.Berbagai macam analisis bisnis pasti menyrtai dalam pertimbanganya,sperti faktor resiko, faktor kebebasan,faktor pendapatan individu dan tidak kalah penting faktor dukungan keluarga akan menjadi  faktor penentu.

1.KEUNTUNGAN BERWIRAUSAHA

a.Memberi kesempatan kepada tiap pribadi untuk mengontrol jalan hidup dengan  imbalan kepemilikan yang diperoleh dari kemerdekaan untuk mengambil keputusan dan resiko.

b.Kesempatan menggunakan kemampuan dan potensi  pribadi secara penuh dan aktualitas diri untuk mencapai cita-cita.

c.Kesempatan untuk meraih keuntungan tak terhingga dan masa depan yang lebih baik dengan waktu yang relatif lebih singkat.

d.Kesempatan untuk memberikan sumbangan kepada masyarakat dengan lapangan kerja dan pengabdian serta memperoleh pengakuan.

e.Otonomi pengelolaan yang bebas dan tidak terikat membuat  wirausaha menjadi “boss” yang penuh kepuasan.

f.Tantangan awal dan perasaan motif berprestasi.

g.Tantangan awal atau motivasi yang tinggi merupakan hal yang menggembirakan.Peluang untuk mengmbangkan konsep usaha yang dapat menghasilkan keuntungan sangat memotivasi wirausaha.

h.Kontrol finansial.Bebas dalam mengelolakeuangan,dan merasa sebagai kekayaan milik sendiri.

2.KERUGIAN BERWIRAUSAHA

a.Kepastian pendapatan membuka dan menjalankan usaha tidak menjamin akan memperoleh uang yang cukup untuk hidup.Tidak adanya keteratran pendapatan kalau seperti bekerja dengan orang lain.Sang pemilik yang dibayar paling akhir.   

b.Resiko hilangnya modal/asset/investasi anda.

c.Kualitas hidup sebelum bisnis mapan,kerja 12-16 jam sehari.

d.Pengorbanan personal.Pada awal wirausaha harus bekerja dengan memerlukan waktu yang lama dan sibuk.Sedikit sekali waktu untuk kepentingan keluarga dan rekreasi.Hampir semua waktu dihabiskan untuk kegiatan bisnis.

e.Beban tanggung jawab.Wirausaha harus mengelola semua fungsi bisnis,baik pemasaran keuangan,personil,maupun pengadaan dan pelatihan.

f.Kecilnya margin keuntungan dan kemungkinan gagal.

Play Ps1 On Ps2 Hdd

PS2PSXe public preview
So as I wrote. Public PS2PSXe preview. Only command line version attached. Unfortunately I wasn't able to get current sources to work properly (I'm halfway with some major changes and it will take awhile to complete them). The one attached you can consider as "the last one that actually works", or simply rev168.
Now all the necessary stuff.
The emu supports both PAL and NTSC display, but I REALLY RECOMMEND leaving the default PAL output. Why? Well, it's the only mode I use. Many fixes were made to make PAL games show less glitches in PAL mode... When you switch the display to NTSC it most often will show more glitches.
The PAL scph7502 bios is recommended to run games.
PAL games are recommended due to two simple reasons:
1. PAL games require only 50fps to be at 100% speed (NTSC games require 60, so PAL games are easier to emulate).
2. PAL games should look nice when using PAL display mode... NTSC games will always look much worse.
(well, I live in Europe. It's PAL region, so everything has been coded with PAL games and PAL TVs in mind. Actually, the option to switch display into NTSC mode has been added in rev163... so no fixes for that)
So use NTSC display mode only if your TV doesn't support PAL (yes I know this sucks... Most TVs in Europe nowadays support NTSC... On the other hand, most TVs in US do not support PAL... What a crap...).
Many of the parts of the emulator (like cue/ccd parser) have not been changed/updated for few years (the time I created them in 2007 or so). I focused on the most important parts of the emu... Once the time comes, everything will be replaced by proper code rather than some temporary solutions.
You shouldn't experience any problems launching it if you know what you're doing... Otherwise it might crash before even showing you anything.
The emu doesn't provide any drivers or modules other than the parts of the emu itself. But thanks to this it supports any devices that you will load modules for. I've tested it with internal hdd, usb, lan, dvd and even ps2 mc. I recommend using internal hdd or lan (host device). You can use usb, but the asynchronous cd plugin is tweaked for high bandwidth media... So when using with usb, some stuttering might occur here and there.
There is no real requirement for the modules present before the emu is launched except one. The emu REQUIRES IOMANX module to be loaded before launching it (older PS2link versions were loading it by default, but you will have to load it manually for newer ones or change it and recompile it).
Default ps2client versions will always truncate the files opened for writing and reading (even if O_TRUNC is not specified). Use the one from uLE or just change it by yourself).
Now the options:
-cdimage=PATH
Path to the cd image. 2352 bytes/sector images supported. CUE and CCD cuesheets are supported. Multiple tracks in ccd/cue are supported but only if all tracks are in a single file (no multiple files). For multiple files just point to the first track (it contains the data). PATH can be either relative to ps2psxe executable or full path.
-exepath=PATH
Launches PSX exe file (for intros, demos and such).
-bios=PATH
Bios path (bios/scph7502.bin by default)
-digitizepad
Internally switches pads into digital only mode (visible to PSX code). If you then manually enable analog mode (small analog switch at the center of the pad), then the left analog stick will act as D-PAD and right analog stick will act as R1/L1 horizontally. It's a nice features for games that do not support analog sticks at all (like FF7)
-spfix
Stack pointer fix. Try it if something goes wrong. It might be able to fix some games. It disables one of the optimizations (not many games make any use of it anyway)...
-xoff=OFFSET and -yoff=OFFSET
Positions the screen on TV. You can use it to correct the image position if your TV leaves eg. black bars at right or left side.
-sub
Enables subchannel support. It is really necessary only for libcrypt protected games... For two years or so not even for them. It's kind of obsolete as the emulator has automatic patch for libcrypt, so unpatched games like FF9 PAL will work even without subchannel data. The subchannel file has to have the same name as the img/bin/ccd/cue, just with the extension being .sub (so if the image is ff9pald1.cue, then the subfile is ff9pald1.sub). It's not really necessary anymore.
-excep
Disables some exception stuff. Use it if a games experiences problems. I believe this one should not be necessary anymore, but I left it... Didn't see a game that would need it in year or so.
-4ever
Disables most of the automatic libcrypt patches (not all of them though). It's there just for testing, really. You won't have to use it until you want to test subchannel file support.
-32bpp
Switches into 32bpp mode. I really RECOMMEND using it unless the game has texture problems (clut problems to be exact). It's not default only because it's not native PSX format . So use it unless it causes problems.
-nofps
Disables resolution/mode/fps display (the yellow crap at the top)
-nosprtf
Disables filtering for sprites. (2d images, though not all 2d images are sprites). Needed for 2d backgrounds in many games (a must for all final fantasy games - all ff games).
-nopolyf
Disables filtering for all polygons that are not sprites .
If you specify both -nosprtf and -nopolyf, filtering will not be used at all.
-nodith
Disables dithering in 16bit mode.
-ntsc
Switches display into NTSC mode. DON'T use it unless you really have to.
Savestates are screwed at the moment (search the information in the other ps2psxe thread - I posted the reason a month or so ago).
Use (l1+l2+r1+r2+triangle+circle) to save screenshot in "snap/" directory - always using executable (slesxxxxx) with counter (always checking for files that are already there, so it doesn't overwrite files if used in multiple sessions). Screenshots are saved in tim2 format.

(now some info taken from a mail I've sent some time ago to dlanor) Because the gpu doesn't yet support offscreen drawing nor drawing on the same buffer that is displayed, quite often instead of menus (even the fps counter may die, but everything will work once the correct button is pressed), black screen will be displayed. You will have then to either try you luck by pressing common buttons (start, x, o) or to check how it in fact looks on some other emu and then make the choice. Movies should be displayed now in most of the cases, but sometimes all you will see is a black screen... Wait or press start/x/o to skip it (it's not that often, it usually works). Some things are just really hard to do in hardware accelerated gpu... I'm not sure why yet, but the emu has a tendency to freeze for few seconds from time to time (quite rare actually), so don't worry if it seems to freeze... Just wait and it should unlock (unless it takes more than 10 seconds, then it is a complete freeze).
Do not bother to report glitches and bugs. I know abo

PEMASARAN YANG TANGGUH

PEMASARAN

DALAM KEHIDUPAN KITA SEHARI-HARI

1.Salam

2.Perkenalan

3.Mengapa anda masuk jurusan Pemasaran

4. a.PEMASARAN: DEFINISI SINGKAT

Mempertemukan Kebutuhan Secara Menguntungkan.

    b.PEMASARAN: DEFINISI PANJANG

Fungsi di sebuah organisasi dan kumpulan proses kreasi, komunikasi, dan pemberian nilai kepada pelanggan agar hubungan terjaga sehingga menguntungkan organisasi dan pemiliknya.

PERTANYAAN KONKRIT

•          Apa atau siapa sih yang dipertemukan ?

•          Di mana letak perbedaan dasar antara : kebutuhan (needs), keinginan (wants) dan permintaan (demand)?

•          Bagaimana cara mencapai keuntungan ?

.      Keuntungan seperti apa yang diinginkan oleh perusahaan dan pelanggannya?

Jawablah:

•          Apakah produk Anda memiliki keunikan?

•          Siapa calon pembeli dari produk Anda?

•          Secara sosial ekonomi, calon pembeli Anda dari kelompok mana ?

•          Apakah produk Anda sudah diberi merek?

•          Apakah produk Anda memiliki manfaat yang besar ?

•          Bagaimana cara Anda mengetahui kepuasan pembeli?

•          Apakah Anda bisa ‘membaca’ kebiasaan pembeli?

•          Siapa pesaing Anda?

•          Apakah produk Anda tahan terhadap perubahan lingkungan?

•          Apakah Anda sudah memiliki perencanaan pemasaran dengan segala aspeknya?

•          Apakah Anda sudah menjalankan teknik komunikasi pemasaran secara kompak dan terpadu?

Penentuan Strategi Pemasaran:

1. Strategi   Produk
2. Strategi Harga
3. Strategi Distribusi
4. Strategi Promosi

5.Jiwa Wirausaha:a.Berani mengambil keputusan:

                                   a.Berani mengambil keputusan

                                    b.Punya Inovasi

                                    c.Jiwa pengembangan usaha

                                    d.Kreativ

 6.Latar belakang dunia pemasaran 4c:

a.Pelanggan (costumer)

b.Company (perusahhan)

c.Competiter (persaingan)

d.Change(adanya perubahan)

Virtual Memory Card

     Virtual Memory Card

OPL supports the use of a Virtual Memory Card, when theres a need to use an alternative device, instead of a real MC.
OPL will automatically create a folder named VMC,  on the device you create a VMC file for.
Network Share (SMB)
Example:   D:/ PS2SMB/VMC  - You MUST set the permissions for your Share to read and WRITE or the VMC folder/ file will not  be created.
USB device:
Example: mass:/VMC 
Internal HDD device:
Example:  hdd0:+OPL/VMC  


Create a VMC file:
Select a game from a device list and press   Game settings. Here you have an entry for both VMC slots.

VMC Slot 1   <not set>     Use generic
VMC Slot 2   <not set>     Use generic
If no VMC is currently set for a slot, you will have the value <not set> displayed. Use generic is only a pre-set name to use if you dont want to create a new VMC file for each game or dont want to type the name for each game you assign to it.
 Press  and  the Configure VMC  screen will open.
Configure VMC
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name:    SLUS_212.12_0
By default the name of the VMC is pre-filled with the game_code of the game you entered from the Game settings screen .  This allows you to create a new VMC for each game if you choose to do so. You can change it to whatever name you want, but its recommended to use generic  if you plan to use it for multiple game saves, otherwise you will have to type in the name you used to create an existing VMC file in order for another game to use that VMC file too.
 Press  to change the name and a virtual Keyboard will appear.  The final name of the VMC file on the device will have the slot number added (_0 or _1) as suffix and the .bin extension. So you can use the same name for slot 1 and 2 without a problem, as they will be two distinct names.

Size:   8Mb
Choose between the pre-set sizes of  8Mb, 16Mb, 32Mb or 64Mb. Keep in mind some games require using only 8Mb cards and the larger the size, the longer it will take to be read/written to.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Status:  VMC file needs to be created    This will tell you the current status of the VMC file, if one exists or you need to create one.
Progress:   0%   This show the progress  during the creation of the VMC file

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Create   Press   to create the VMC file and it will change to "abort", in which you can abort the creation and the file will be deleted from the device.
The resulting file created on the device in the VMC folder will  be example:  SLUS_212.12_0.bin , generic_0.bin, etc.,  when viewing the folder's contents.

Use existing VMC file
If you  have already created a VMC file and want to use it for more than one game, press    Game settings on a game in the list for that device.

VMC Slot 1    My VMC      Reset
VMC Slot 2   <not set>     Use generic
If no VMC slot has been assigned/created for the chosen game, the <not set>/ Use generic will be displayed. You can choose to create a new VMC file or use the generic one if it exists and it will be assigned to that game.
 If you created a VMC file and gave it a name, then select <not set> and Press   to  open the Configure VMC screen.  Select the name and input the name you gave to your existing VMC file and the Status will change to VMC file exist. Now select Modify and the VMC file will be assigned to that game.

Changing a current VMC file
Once a VMC file exists on a device, you can change its size  then select Modify or you can delete it. Caution: Changing the size will cause it to format the VMC file and any saved data will be lost.
You can also create a new VMC file for a game that is already assigned a VMC file by changing the name.  The status will change to VMC file needs to be created, so simply create a new file by selecting create.  The new VMC file will now be assigned to that game.
To delete a VMC file,  type in the name of the VMC file (if its not the current selected one) and choose delete.  A confirmation dialog screen will  appear:
 Item will be permanantly deleted, continue? 
 Press  to accept or  to return to the previous screen. If you delete a VMC file, all other games that might be using it will  no longer be able to save to it, so make sure before deleting a VMC file.
If you  want to change a VMC file currently assigned to a game, select reset to remove it from that game. You can then re-assign a different VMC file or create a new one.

Game compatibility with VMC
Not all games will be able to use  VMC, some require a physical MC. Some games will only write to a 8Mb sized MC or cannot access 64Mb. If your having a problem with a game accessing a VMC file, you can try searching the forums for info reported by other users  or ask for help.
 Heres a thread with some games listed:  Compatibility for VMC





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